If you understand the Haut-Jura Comtoise clock as a product of a development process, then it becomes clear that there must have been intermediate stages on the way from the beginning to the product, i.e. from the lantern clock to the Comtoise clock in the period from 1657/58 to 1700/1710, because no one will assume that the Haut-Jura Comtoise clock with verge movement and long pendulum was a creation on the drawing board or the result of a Mayet family conference. 
 The Haut-Jura Comtoise is in no way a further development of tower clocks, neither from Mayet tower clocks nor from tower clocks from the 15th, 16th or 17th centuries by other clockmakers.   The Haute-Saône Comtoise clock is a further development of the lantern clock, which had already adopted elements from England such as the pendulum, anchor gear and rack mechanism at the end of the 17th century.   The Haut-Jura Comtoise clock is a further development of the Haute-Saône Comtoise clock, which first appeared in the first own clocks around 1710. The oldest dated and signed Comtoise clock of the Haut-Jura type to date dates from 1709. I present to you a clock whose external features, such as a pewter dial and pewter fronton, one-hand, suspension bracket and lower spacers, bell in the middle of the top of the movement and in a forged movement cage with side movement doors, immediately indicate a Haute-Saône Comtoise movement. However, there is no gallows as a pendulum suspension, nor is there a pendulum rod behind the movement. There is also no slot on the lower back of the movement cage plate through which the pendulum could swing. This clockwork does not have a pendulum, as this quickly becomes clear. Instead of a pendulum, this clockwork has a wheel rest ( foliot )
 Nobody would probably expect to find a clock that is still in its original condition from +- 1670 after almost 350 years. Of course, there have been repairs and/or changes to this movement, but the basic substance shows a hybrid movement with parts of a lantern clock and a Comtoise clock.                                                                                                           The hand has obviously been replaced because it clearly dates not from the 17th century, but from the 18th century. The original pointer was significantly thicker than the existing one. The current bell is probably a 19th century example. The pewter dial could well be authentic, but is probably an early 18th century example.  The tin fronton certainly dates from the 18th century, as it wears the typical Rococo rocailles. This clockwork was probably modernized in the 1730s/1740s with a new dial, fronton and hands in the Rococo style. The small fixing screws of the pewter dial are hand-filed individual pieces and there is nothing to indicate any further change after the modernization in the early 18th century.                                                                                                 Changes, however, can be seen on the upper holder of the spindle axis, as this is not original, but was replaced with old components from another clock. The spindle axis itself and the wheel alignment are unchanged; there are no other changes to the running gear wheelset. In the set of wheels of the striking mechanism, the wings of the vestibule were replaced, originally made of iron, now, after repairs, made of brass.  The hammer and hammer pressure spring were also replaced.                                                                            If you look at the axes, you will notice that they are conical, a typical feature of early works from the 17th century. The conical shape of the axis of the striking mechanism for its triggering is particularly obvious. This Haute-Saône Hybrid Comtoise movement was of course created in the period after 1660, when lantern clocks were still predominantly being built. Lantern clocks usually had a running time of around 30 hours and the wheel sets were arranged one behind the other. However, the creator of this movement wanted to build a lantern clock with a running time of 8 days and thus created this hybrid clock. He placed the two sets of wheels of the lantern clockwork without the winding wheel - short axles of approx. 47 mm long - next to each other so that he could also have 2 winding rollers - long axles of approx. 69 mm long - to hold the necessary cord for the 8-day drop of the weights. The two front plates are vertical plates, whereas the rear plates have been angled backwards in the lower area to accommodate the longer axes of the winding rollers. With a plate thickness of 3 mm, the depth of the movement in a lantern clock movement (2 sets of wheels and 3 plates) would be 103 mm; in a Comtoise movement, the depth of a set of wheels (2 plates) would be 75 mm. If we compare these two dimensions with the usual dimensions of lantern clocks and early Comtoise clocks, there are hardly any deviations. The big special feature of this movement, in addition to the wheel rest, is that it has these rear angled plates, because the construction would of course also have been possible with rear vertical plates and 75mm axles of all wheels as well as equipped with wheel rest.  As is usual with lantern clocks, there are extremely few screws. Only the locking washer sits on a shoulder screw, everything else is attached or secured by pins and wedges. The fastening screws of the fronton and the dial are 18th century, the round head screw of the bell holder is 19th century. Thick forged cage plates, sometimes more than 3 mm thick, movement pillars measuring 10 x 10 mm, just like those found in the earliest Haute Saône or Haut-Jura Comtoise clockworks. The movement has a suspension bracket, the spacer pins are missing, but the holes for them are there. The iron cage had doors and the corresponding holes in the cage plates are present. There were originally small pinacles and cones/vases mounted to the right and left of the fronton. The holes in the cage plate are there, the threaded piece onto which the pinacle was screwed is still in the right hole. Below are various dimensions and data for this movement. Cage:  203mm height x 181mm width x 103mm depth. Cage top plate: thickness 2.7 mm to 3.1 mm                                                                                                            Cage bottom plate: 2.7 mm to 3.2 mm Pillar 10 x 10 mm. (9.9mm to 10.1mm) Clock:   300mm height x 181mm width x 158mm depth. Pewter dial: 168mm outer diameter, 98mm inner diameter.                                                                               Tin dial thickness: 2.3mm to 2.9mm Boards are 19.5 mm wide and 4.7 to 5 mm thick. The existing hand is 52 mm long and 1.5 mm thick. The original hand was probably approx. 4 mm thick (according to the possible recording of the square hand) The back panel is 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm thick, the front panel is 1.6 mm to 1.7 mm thick. Thickness of the conical axis of the percussion mechanism between 6.25 mm and 7.8 mm.                                                                                                                                           Thickness of the conical axis of the peg wheel between 5.1 mm and 5.9 mm. 
Thickness of the conical axle of the large floor wheel between 5.5 mm and 6.1 mm The movement on the right side is wound counterclockwise. The striking mechanism on the left side of the cage is wound clockwise. You can see this visually because the two weights hang close to the edges of the cage sides. This counter-rotating system of winding the weights is a takeover from lantern clocks. In the lantern clocks, the two winding wheels are arranged one behind the other. The weights are pulled upwards by pulling on cords or chains. The front going gear is wound on the right side - direction of rotation of the sprocket is counterclockwise - and the rear striking mechanism is wound on the left side - direction of rotation of the sprocket is clockwise. This means that the two weights hang in the middle on the left and right. If both weights were hanging on one side, the hanging clockwork on the wall could shift and the weights could also touch each other. Since Christian Huygens also invented the endless cord/chain winding mechanism, only the basic wheel/sprocket of the going gear was turned in the lantern clocks, whereas the basic wheel/sprocket of the striking mechanism could no longer be rotated. The pulley on which the weight hung distributed the pressure on both the going train and the striking mechanism, and the weight also hung in the middle under the movement. If you now install the two wheel sets of a lantern clock next to each other in a cage, you have to place the movement wheel set on the right in the cage and the striking wheel set on the left in the cage, otherwise the two weights would touch/obstruct each other in the middle.                                                                                                      In the further development of the Haute-Saône Comtoise clock to the Haut-Jura Comtoise clock, the winding system of the basic wheels is changed so that both sets of wheels are now wound clockwise, so that the left weight is to the left of the center of the cage and the right weight is at the edge of the cage hanging in the cage. The striking appearance of the weights hanging on the left and right sides of the Haute-Saône Comtoise clockworks clearly shows their relationship to the lantern clocks.   Certainly winding the weights of a clock is easier, more practical and safer for the user if both windings rotate in the same direction. In the Haut-Jura Comtoise clocks this has been standard from the start (with extremely few exceptions in later examples). Even in those Haut-Jura works in which the gear sets of the going gear are arranged on the right and the striking gear on the left, both gear sets are turned counterclockwise. Transitional forms or intermediate forms of a lantern clock and a Comtoise clock or another type of clock are likely to be extremely rare. Many of them were unique pieces and after almost 350, it can really be described as a miracle to find such a hybrid clock. But when such clocks are found, these clocks prove emphatically that the types of clocks we know are the result of a development process.

Comtoise 钟表的起源。


如果将上侏罗 Comtoise 时钟理解为一个发展过程的产物，那么很明显，在从开始到产品的过程中，即从 1657/58 年到 1700/1710 年期间，从灯笼钟到 Comtoise 时钟，肯定存在中间阶段，因为没有人会认为带有游标擒纵机构和长摆锤的上侏罗 Comtoise 时钟是在画板上的创造，或是马耶家族会议的结果。
上侏罗 Comtoise 绝对不是塔钟的进一步发展，既不是从马耶塔钟发展而来，也不是从 15、16 或 17 世纪其他钟表制造商的塔钟发展而来。


上索恩 Comtoise 时钟是灯笼钟的进一步发展，灯笼钟在 17 世纪末已经采用了来自英国的新元素，如钟摆、锚式擒纵机构和齿条式报时装置。


上侏罗孔托伊斯钟是上索讷孔托伊斯钟的进一步发展，它在 1710 年左右出现了自己的第一批钟表。上侏罗Comtoise钟最古老的有日期和签名的钟是1709年制造的。 我向您介绍的这款钟的外部特征，如锡制表盘和锡制正面、单指针、悬挂支架和下垫片、机芯顶部中央的铃铛以及带有侧机芯门的锻造机芯框架，都立即表明它采用的是上索讷Comtoise机芯。然而，机芯后面没有用于悬挂摆锤的绞架，因此也没有摆杆。机芯笼板背面下方也没有可供摆锤摆动的槽口。很快就可以看出，这款机芯没有摆杆。这枚机芯没有摆锤，而是一个轮式制动装置。


大概没有人会期望在近 350 年后还能找到一个 1670 年+-的钟表，它仍然保持着原来的状态。当然，这个机芯也经过了维修和/或改动，但其基本结构显示了一个混合了灯笼钟和 Comtoise 钟的机芯。                                                                                                                              指针显然是更换过的，因为它显然不是 17 世纪的，而是 18 世纪的。原来的指针比现在的指针粗得多。现在的钟可能是 19 世纪的作品。锡制表盘很可能是真品，但很可能是 18 世纪早期的产品。 锡制的表头可以肯定是 18 世纪的作品，因为它具有典型的洛可可式罗凯尔图案。这款机芯很可能在 1730/1740 年间进行了现代化改装，配备了洛可可风格的新表盘、前盖和指针。 

  紫铜表盘上的小紧固螺钉都是手工打磨的单件，没有任何迹象表明在 18 世纪早期的现代化改造之后有任何进一步的改动。

 不过，可以看出游丝擒纵机构上部的固定器有所改动，因为它不是原装的，而是用其他钟表的旧部件替换的。边缘擒纵机构本身和齿轮制动装置没有变化，走时齿轮组也没有其他变化。在报时装置的轮组中，挡风玻璃的两翼已被更换；原来肯定是铁制的，现在经过修理后变成了黄铜。 锤子和锤子压力弹簧也已更换。如果您观察一下轮轴，就会发现它们是锥形的，这是 17 世纪早期机芯的典型特征。报时装置轴的锥形尤其引人注目。

当然，这款上索讷混合 Comtoise 机芯是在 1660 年之后制造的，当时灯笼钟仍是主要的制造工具。灯笼钟的运行时间通常为 30 小时左右，轮组也是一个接一个地排列。然而，这款机芯的创造者却希望制造一款走时 8 天的灯笼钟，因此创造了这款混合钟。他将灯笼钟机芯的两个不带发条轮的轮组--长度约为 47 毫米的短轴--放在一起，以便同时安装两个发条滚轮--长度约为 69 毫米的长轴--来固定 8 天砝码下落所需的绳子。两块前板为垂直板，而后板的下部向后倾斜，以容纳较长的升降滑轮轴。由于夹板厚度为 3 毫米，灯笼钟机芯（2 个轮组和 3 个夹板）的机芯深度为 103 毫米；在 Comtoise 机芯中，一个轮组（2 个夹板）的深度为 75 毫米。如果我们将这两个尺寸与灯笼钟和早期 Comtoise 时钟的通常尺寸进行比较，几乎没有任何偏差。


这款机芯的特别之处除了轮轴棘爪之外，还在于它具有这些后斜板，因为这种结构当然也可以采用后垂直板、所有轮轴的 75 毫米轮轴以及轮轴棘爪。


与灯笼钟通常的做法一样，螺丝极少。只有锁盘安装在肩部螺钉上，其他部件都是用销钉和楔子固定或固定的。表头和表盘的固定螺丝是十八世纪的，钟座的圆头螺丝是十九世纪的。厚锻造笼板，有些厚度超过 3 毫米，机芯支柱为 10 x 10 毫米，与最早的 Haute Saône 或 Haut-Jura Comtoise 机芯相同。
机芯上有一个悬挂支架，间隔轴缺失，但有孔。机芯有门，笼板上有相应的孔。机芯前端的左右两侧原本安装有小圆锥/花瓶。笼板上的孔依然存在，右侧孔中还保留着拧上小柱子的螺纹件。
以下是该机芯的各种尺寸和数据。


框架：高 203 毫米 x 宽 181 毫米 x 深 103 毫米。
保持架顶板：厚度 2.7 毫米至 3.1 毫米 保持架底板：2.7 毫米至 3.2 毫米
支柱 10 x 10 毫米。( 9.9 毫米至 10.1 毫米 )
时钟：高 300 毫米 x 宽 181 毫米 x 深 158 毫米。
锡表盘：外径 168 毫米，内径 98 毫米。                                                                                                                                                    锡表盘厚度：2.3 毫米至 2.9 毫米
表盘宽 19.5 毫米，厚 4.7 至 5 毫米。
现有指针长 52 毫米，厚 1.5 毫米。原指针可能厚约 4 毫米（根据指针方形的可能位置）。
后机芯板厚 1.8 至 2.0 毫米，前机芯板厚 1.6 至 1.7 毫米。
敲击机构的锥轴厚度在 6.25 毫米至 7.8 毫米之间。                                                                                                                                          起钉轮锥形轴的厚度在 5.1 毫米至 5.9 毫米之间。
大地板轮锥形轴的厚度在 5.5 毫米和 6.1 毫米之间。
右侧的走行轮为逆时针绕线。保持架左侧的打火机组是顺时针绕线的。这一点可以从两个砝码紧贴保持架两侧边缘的事实中直观地看出。这种逆时针上发条系统是灯笼钟的改良。


在灯笼钟中，两个发条轮一前一后排列。砝码通过拉绳或链条向上拉动。前发条组绕在右侧，即链轮的逆时针旋转方向；后发条组绕在左侧，即链轮的顺时针旋转方向。这意味着两个砝码分别悬挂在左右两侧的中央位置。如果两个砝码都悬挂在一侧，悬挂运动就会在墙上移动，砝码就会相互接触。
由于克里斯蒂安-惠更斯（Christian Huygens）还发明了用于帘子线/链条的无尽缠绕装置，因此在灯笼钟中只需转动走线轮/链条轮，而打簧装置的走线轮/链条轮则无法转动。悬挂砝码的滑轮可以分散走时轮和打簧轮的压力，砝码也悬挂在机芯下方的中心位置。


如果现在将灯笼钟的两个轮组并排安装在一个笼子里，就必须将走时轮组放在笼子的右侧，而打簧轮组放在笼子的左侧，否则两个砝码就会在中间相互接触/干扰。


在上索恩 Comtoise 腕表进一步发展为上汝拉 Comtoise 腕表的过程中，基础轮的上链系统发生了变化，现在两个轮组均按顺时针方向上链，因此左侧砝码悬挂在框架中心的左侧，而右侧砝码则悬挂在框架的边缘。


上索恩 Comtoise 机芯左右两侧悬挂的砝码的醒目外观清楚地表明了它们与灯笼钟的关系。
如果两个发条的旋转方向相同，给钟表的砝码上发条当然会更容易、更实用，而且对使用者来说危险性也更小。在 Haut-Jura Comtoise 腕表中，这从一开始就是标准配置（后来的表款中只有极少数例外）。即使在走时齿轮组位于右侧、报时齿轮组位于左侧的 Haut-Jura 机芯中，两个齿轮组都是逆时针上链。


灯笼钟和 Comtoise 钟或其他类型钟表的过渡形式或中间形式可能极为罕见。在许多情况下，它们都是独一无二的作品，而在近 350 年后，能找到这样的混合钟确实是一个奇迹。然而，一旦发现了这样的钟表，它们就有力地证明了我们所知道的钟表类型是一个发展过程的结果。